Empires 101: The Ottoman Empire

Empires 101: The Ottoman Empire

Years: 1299-1922

Maximum land area year: 1683

Millions of square miles occupied: 20.1

Percentage of the world: 3.86 percent

One of the Longest Reigning Empires in History

The Ottoman Empire began in the small town of Sögüt in Bilecik Province, Turkey, in 1299. The early Ottomans expanded virtually nonstop and conquered the Balkans in the mid-14th century. By 1453, it had destroyed what remained of the Byzantine Empire. 

At its height, the Ottoman Empire stretched from the majority of southeastern Europe to Vienna (pictured: "The Second Siege of Vienna" by Frans Geffels) and Greece, the Middle East and Algeria.

The Empire lasted 623 years until World War I when the Ottoman Empire joined Germany and was subsequently defeated. Its Middle Eastern territories were divvied up between the U.K. and France, and the empire was officially wiped out after the Turkish War of Independence. 

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